Some teething troubles can be prevented by vaccination

Geiter walks through the Veedel and captures moments, scenery and architecture with the camera and later puts them on paper in her studio on Lindenstrasse. Not photorealistic, but a bit in the style of the Expressionists.

The calendars sell very well, "The people here in Cologne just love their Veedel"she says. You can buy them in local bookstores, but also on Renate Geiter’s website.

Sources used: Press release City of Cologne Talks with Renate Geiter and Dawid Liftinger

A party evening with alcohol and drugs ended in court: three men forced a 25-year-old woman to have sex. Now the three have been convicted of rape.

A lesson about the loss of control that drugs and excess alcohol can cause is a trial that ended on Thursday before the Cologne district court. Three young men were accused of raping a woman together in Leichlingen near Leverkusen in April 2018, who came home with them at night after going to the bar. They have now been sentenced to two years probation for this. In addition, each of them should donate 1,000 euros to the victims’ aid organization "White ring" pay. The injured party appeared in the proceedings as a joint plaintiff.

All three described an absolutely middle-class environment with solid family, work and living conditions from childhood. One of them (27) was still living in the family home at the time of the crime, the second (28) had been in a steady relationship for several years and had only recently moved in with his girlfriend.

One gram of coke a day

On the day of the crime, they met to go fishing in the morning, then went to a football match in the stadium and drank a few beers, according to the 28-year-old. They continued to drink through the evening, went to a bar, and both men shared a gram of cocaine together over the afternoon and evening.

In the bar they met the third defendant (also 28), who adhered exclusively to alcohol. Since he started working as a nurse in a rehab unit, he has consistently kept his hands off drugs, he explained: "Otherwise I would have found that paradoxical." He also had a strategy to limit the use of alcohol: "When I go out, I take 30 euros with me. When that’s gone, it’s gone."

In the taxi she made sexual innuendos

So far, so common. So why did the youngest of the three men, then 24, a few days later the police rang, ransacked the apartment and took his cell phone to investigate further?

Apparently one thing had come to another here. The intoxicated trio met a then 25-year-old in the bar, also heavily drunk, who had been accidentally locked out by her roommate and was now looking for a place to sleep. So she ended up with the men in a taxi, where she made them clear advances: "She said that she was good at sucking, she would really get the three of them down"the presiding judge quoted from the taxi driver’s testimony.

In the house, she and the carer began to fuss, which resulted in oral intercourse and finally sexual intercourse. The other two men gradually joined the action, touched the woman and forced her to have oral sex.argumentative essay

Men shot videos that night

With detailed confessions, the three defendants admitted the offenses and expressed concern: "That traumatized me. I haven’t had anything with women since then"so one of them.

Videos made by the men themselves were decisive for the chamber’s sentencing. They were evaluated in camera during the procedure. "Because the videos largely suggest voluntariness, the confession is very valuable", paid tribute to Benjamin Roellenbleck, presiding judge of the 13th criminal chamber at the Cologne district court: "The videos lead to a different point of view than the statement of the joint plaintiff." Of "lustful noises" was the talk in his description of the woman’s laughter – and of sentences that do not fit a rape victim, but rather point to voluntary oral sex.

Consensual sex became a criminal offense

At least at the beginning, it was not apparent to the defendant who first became intimate with her that she did not want that. The offense, the judge said, began when the man continued sex after the woman said: "I can not anymore." The 28-year-old had said in his admission: "My impression was that she thought I was nice. I didn’t apply the no to myself"but he thought she meant the second man who wanted to be orally satisfied by her. While the chairman summarized the evening’s proceedings, he wiped his eyes and finally hid his face, ashamed, in his hands.

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Violence, though "at the lower edge", so Roellenbleck, came into play when one of the men covered the woman’s mouth and "Shut up" said. Also a "No" oral sex with one of the other had been ignored. Each of the men was guilty of rape in different ways. "They ultimately took advantage of the fact that the co-plaintiff was relatively drunk", says Roellenbleck. For the men, however, the fact that they have not committed offenses again since then and that each of them paid the woman 3,000 euros as part of a perpetrator-victim compensation scheme.

In view of the videos, the Chamber agreed that this was an evening "somehow got out of hand" be. Alcohol and drug-related disinhibition played a role. But be clear: "This is not a collective rape, as is commonly imagined: three men attack a defenseless woman – it was not like that. You deserve to prove yourself."

Sources used: visit to court hearing

Whooping cough starts out like a common cough. But soon he turns into violent coughing attacks. The number of sick people has now dropped significantly due to vaccinations. However, the infection has not yet disappeared. Infants are particularly at risk. They can be infected in adults who often still carry the pathogen. Because hardly anyone knows that the vaccination protection should be refreshed every ten years.

"Whooping cough is a droplet infection", explains Professor Thomas Löscher, Head of the Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine at the University of Munich. This means that the pathogen is usually passed on through coughing. Specifically, it is about bacteria called Bordetella pertussis. "They are inhaled and multiply in the airways"says Löscher. "There, the bacteria produce toxins, i.e. poisons that damage the cells and cause inflammation, especially in the bronchial tree."

Symptoms and course of disease in whooping cough

At first, the patient does not notice anything, says Ulrich Fegeler, spokesman for the professional association of paediatricians. "The disease begins insidiously." The first symptoms can only be felt after the incubation period of three to twelve days. "Then the first stage begins, which lasts about three weeks and is where you get a cough that gets worse over time, especially at night."

In the second stage, the disease reaches its peak. "Patients suffer from coughing attacks, which are often accompanied by a staccato cough and sometimes can be so bad that they can no longer breathe", explains Fegeler. This also takes about three weeks and then goes into the subsiding stage: the attacks slowly subside.

Caution, danger to life!

Whooping cough can be very dangerous. "Small children in particular, and babies in particular, can get life-threatening pneumonia"warns Fegeler. "In addition, the bacterial toxin can poison the diaphragm in such a way that it contracts continuously." If the diaphragm, which runs across the abdomen and is important for inhaling and exhaling, contracts for a long time, the patient can no longer breathe. "It happens that patients cough once or twice and then have a spasm within a few seconds"says Fegeler. "The younger they are, the more dangerous it is."

Vaccinate at least five times

To protect against whooping cough, a vaccination was developed many years ago that is considered to be well tolerated. "The patient is injected with dead fragments of the pathogen so that the body can form antibodies and is thus protected from the pathogens", explains Ursel Lindlbauer-Eisenach, member of the Standing Vaccination Commission (STIKO) at the Robert Koch Institute in Berlin.

"The first vaccination is usually given to babies after they are nine weeks old and is part of a combination vaccination against several other childhood diseases", she says. The first booster of the vaccination takes place around the age of two, the second shortly before starting school at five or six years of age. Young people should receive a third booster vaccination up to the age of 17, adults then at least one more.

To protect children: always refresh your vaccinations even in adulthood

"Most of our small children are vaccinated"says Lindlbauer-Eisenach. "We have a very high vaccination rate of over 90 percent across Germany." The problem, however, is that this rate falls as people get older. "Young people and adults are protected much less often." Because what many do not know: Protection against whooping cough only lasts about ten years – regardless of whether you have had the disease yourself or have been vaccinated. "The danger here is that adults, on the one hand, become ill themselves and suffer from coughing attacks for weeks and, on the other hand, can pass the disease on to children, especially infants, for whom it can often be much more dangerous."

The term childhood illness is therefore a misleading term, judges the internist Löscher. "Adults are always a source of infection for the very little ones who cannot yet be fully protected." After all, the body is usually only properly protected after the second or third vaccination. "This means that babies in particular are at great risk in the first few months of life and can be infected by adults during this time because they carry the pathogen – often unnoticed – within them." The STIKO therefore recommends that adults also have their vaccinations refreshed about every ten years, especially if small children live in the family.

The memory cough

Even months after a whooping cough disease, there can be a so-called memory cough. "The brain remembers the way the body coughed and can reactivate the process again and again"says pediatrician Fegeler. "The trigger can be a completely normal cough, which then turns into a coughing attack." The phenomenon usually ends after a year and a half at the latest.

Advisor – Whooping Cough: Also dangerous for adults

Barking, whistling, rattling: There are seven types of coughs in children. Vaccination calendar 2017/2018: The STIKO recommends these vaccinations for children

The childhood diseases lexicon provides an overview of the most common childhood diseases. The articles explain symptoms, treatment and possible consequences of the teething problems. Parents find out which symptoms the child needs to see a doctor quickly and which diseases can also help with home remedies. You will also find information on whether and for how long childhood diseases are contagious. Some teething troubles can be prevented by vaccination. Our vaccination calendar also provides an overview of the vaccinations recommended by the Standing Vaccination Commission.

Rubella, like chickenpox, measles, scarlet fever and rubella, are classic teething troubles. Sometimes, however, they go unnoticed or are initially mistaken for other rashes. Rubella is not a variant of rubella, but an independent viral disease, but equally dangerous for pregnant women.

At first, rubella looks like a cold with a sore throat and a slightly elevated temperature. Upset stomach, headache, fatigue, and itching are common symptoms. According to Ulrich Fegeler from the Association of Pediatricians (BVKJ), a characteristic rash appears on the cheeks a few days after being infected with the pathogen.

Butterfly on the face and rings on the arms

The rash is intense red and slightly swollen. The mouth remains free so that the eczema is shaped like a butterfly. The skin is tight and warm to the touch, the child is itchy. After a day or two, red spots spread mainly on the extensor sides of the arms and legs, which then take the form of pale red rings. Medication is not necessary, but the child’s skin needs special care for around four to six weeks.

Have the pediatrician clarify the rash

In order to differentiate rubella from other diseases that are also associated with a rash such as scarlet fever, measles, chickenpox or rubella, Fegeler advises parents to see a doctor with the child at the first signs. As a rule, the viral disease is harmless to children. Only if you have a weakened immune system can you in rare cases develop inflammation of the joints, heart muscle or meninges as a result of rubella.

This is how rubella is transmitted

Children and young people between the ages of five and 15 in particular are infected with rubella during the cold season. The pathogen, the parvovirus B19, is transmitted by droplets of saliva when sneezing, speaking, coughing and shaking hands. It is also possible to pass it on through smear infections with blood. The viruses can initially be detected even in the urine. Even before the rash shows, the disease is contagious.

Dangerous in pregnancy

Thorough hand hygiene is therefore the be-all and end-all when a case occurs in a family. Pregnant women and other high-risk patients should avoid contact with infected people.

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